Ecuador’s President Daniel Noboa looks on during his swearing-in ceremony at the National Assembly, in Quito, Ecuador.
| Photo Credit: Reuters

Daniel Noboa, an inexperienced politician and heir to a fortune built on the banana trade, was sworn in on Thursday as Ecuador’s President, a role that citizens are demanding he uses to restore the public safety that drug cartels and other criminal organizations robbed them of at the decade’s start.

Mr. Noboa’s term will run only through May 2025, which is what remains of former President Guillermo Lasso’s tenure. Mr. Lasso cut his term short when he dissolved the National Assembly in May as lawmakers pursued impeachment proceedings against him.

The head of the country’s newly elected legislature, Henry Kronfle, placed the presidential sash on Mr. Noboa during a ceremony in Quito, the capital.

Under Mr. Lasso’s watch, violent deaths in Ecuador soared, reaching a record 4,600 in 2022, which was double the number from the year before. Killings, kidnappings, robberies and other criminal activities became part of Ecuadorians’ everyday life.

The assassination of presidential candidate and anti-corruption crusader Fernando Villavicencio as he left a campaign rally in August underscored the country’s fragile security situation.

Mr. Noboa’s only experience in government was as a member of National Assembly that Mr. Lasso dissolved. He is inheriting a weakened economy and serious fiscal challenges as well as the leadership of a country mired by violent crime,

“The economy and security are indivisible issues; it is an important front on which President Noboa must work,” Andrés Briones, an analyst and professor at Casa Grande University in Guayaquil, Ecuador, said. Mr. Noboa’s government will have to “undertake tax reforms to encourage growth and the revitalization of the economy.”

Ecuador’s former President Guillermo Lasso walks off stage during President Daniel Noboa’s swearing-in ceremony at the National Assembly, in Quito.
| Photo Credit:
Reuters

But any actions he wishes to take to address Ecuador’s crucial issues will first require him to negotiate with the National Assembly, where his party lacks enough seats to govern on its own.

The spike in violence is tied to the trafficking of cocaine produced in neighboring Colombia and Peru. Mexican, Colombian and Balkan cartels have set down roots in Ecuador and operate with assistance from local criminal gangs.

Mr. Noboa has made a range of proposals to improve security, ranging from using barges to house inmates to getting police more gear. While those ideas helped him get elected on October 15, he now faces the challenge of leading a population frightened to the point of opting to stay home as much as possible.

“We have been kidnapped by organized crime,” Alejandro Zabala, a professor at the University of Las Américas, said.

But Mr. Zabala thinks the heavy-handed policies imposed by Lasso were “an absolute failure” and suggested the government must clean up the ranks of law enforcement, invest in equipment for police and join regional and international efforts against organized crime as Ecuador “cannot win this war alone.”

Like Mr. Lasso, a conservative former banker, Mr. Noboa’s wealth puts him at the top of Ecuador’s elite. His father, Álvaro Noboa, is among Ecuador’s richest people thanks to a conglomerate that started in the growing and shipping of bananas and now includes more than 128 companies in dozens of countries.

The elder Mr. Noboa unsuccessfully ran for President five times.

The younger Mr. Noboa opened an event organizing company when he was 18 and then joined his father’s Noboa Corp., where he held management positions in the shipping, logistics and commercial areas. His political career began in 2021, when he got a seat in the National Assembly and chaired its Economic Development Commission.

Ecuador’s fiscal mess is in part the result of declining revenues from tax collection and oil exports, on which the country largely depends.

Data from the Ministry of Finance show state coffers received $991 million from oil between January and July. That’s less than half of the $2.3 billion the state received during the same period last year. Meanwhile, tax collections this year fell by $137 million.

The country’s fiscal deficit is expected to be around $5 billion by the end of the year, or more than 5% of its gross domestic product.

Former Minister of Economy and Finance Fausto Ortíz said Lasso had good fiscal management of the economy, adhering to instructions of the International Monetary Fund, with cuts in public spending and state investment and a sustained reduction in the fiscal deficit.

But Ortíz argued that “the fiscal part is not everything in the management of a country” and the strategy has brought unintended consequences: No economic growth and no employment growth.

“The result is not favorable,” he said.